DOT NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

DOT NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS:

1. How many languages .NET is supporting now?

When .NET was introduced it came with several languages. VB.NET, C#, COBOL and Perl, etc. The site DotNetLanguages.Net says 44 languages are supported.

2. How is .NET able to support multiple languages?

A language should comply with the Common Language Runtime standard to become a .NET language. In .NET, code is compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL for short). This is called as Managed Code. This Managed code is run in .NET environment. So after compilation to this IL the language is not a barrier. A code can call or use a function written in another language.

3. How ASP .NET different from ASP?

Scripting is separated from the HTML, Code is compiled as a DLL, these DLLs can be executed on the server.

4. What is smart navigation?

The cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

5. What is view state?

The web is stateless. But in ASP.NET, the state of a page is maintained in the in the page itself automatically. How? The values are encrypted and saved in hidden controls. this is done automatically by the ASP.NET. This can be switched off / on for a single control .

6. How do you validate the controls in an ASP .NET page?

Using special validation controls that are meant for this. We have Range Validator, Email Validator.

7. Can the validation be done in the server side? Or this can be done only in the Client side? Client side is done by default. Server side validation is also possible. We can switch off the client side and server side can be done.

8. How to manage pagination in a page?

Using pagination option in DataGrid control. We have to set the number of records for a page, then it takes care of pagination by itself.

9. What is ADO .NET and what is difference between ADO and ADO.NET?

ADO.NET is stateless mechanism. I can treat the ADO.Net as a separate in-memory database where in I can use relationships between the tables and select insert and updates to the database. I can update the actual database as a batch.

11. Observations between VB.NET and VC#.NET?

Choosing a programming language depends on your language experience and the scope of the application you are building. While small applications are often created using only one language, it is not uncommon to develop large applications using multiple languages.

For example, if you are extending an application with existing XML Web services, you might use a scripting language with little or no programming effort. For client-server applications, you would probably choose the single language you are most comfortable with for the entire application. For new enterprise applications, where large teams of developers create components and services for deployment across multiple remote sites, the best choice might be to use several languages depending on developer skills and long-term maintenance expectations.

The .NET Platform programming languages - including Visual Basic .NET, Visual C#, and Visual C++ with managed extensions, and many other programming languages from various vendors - use .NET Framework services and features through a common set of unified classes. The .NET unified classes provide a consistent method of accessing the platform's functionality. If you learn to use the class library, you will find that all tasks follow the same uniform architecture. You no longer need to learn and master different API architectures to write your applications.

In most situations, you can effectively use all of the Microsoft programming languages. Nevertheless, each programming language has its relative strengths and you will want to understand the features unique to each language. The following sections will help you choose the right programming language for your application.

Visual Basic .Net

Visual Basic .NET is the next generation of the Visual Basic language from Microsoft. With Visual Basic you can build .NET applications, including Web services and ASP.NET Web applications, quickly and easily. Applications made with Visual Basic are built on the services of the common language runtime and take advantage of the .NET Framework.

Visual Basic has many new and improved features such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading that make it a powerful object-oriented programming language. Other new language features include free threading and structured exception handling. Visual Basic fully integrates the .NET Framework and the common language runtime, which together provide language interoperability, garbage collection, enhanced security, and improved versioning support. A Visual Basic support single inheritance and creates Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) as input to native code compilers.

Visual Basic is comparatively easy to learn and use, and Visual Basic has become the programming language of choice for hundreds of thousands of developers over the past decade. An understanding of Visual Basic can be leveraged in a variety of ways, such as writing macros in Visual Studio and providing programmability in applications such as Microsoft Excel, Access, and Word.

Visual Basic provides prototypes of some common project types, including:

• Windows Application.

• Class Library.

• Windows Control Library.

• ASP.NET Web Application.

• ASP.NET Web Service.

• Web Control Library.

• Console Application.

• Windows Service.

• Windows Service.

Visual C# .NETVisual C# (pronounced C sharp) is designed to be a fast and easy way to create .NET applications, including Web services and ASP.NET Web applications.

Applications written in Visual C# are built on the services of the common language runtime and take full advantage of the .NET Framework.C# is a simple, elegant, type-safe, object-oriented language recently developed by Microsoft for building a wide range of applications. Anyone familiar with C and similar languages will find few problems in adapting to C#.

C# is designed to bring rapid development to the C++ programmer without sacrificing the power and control that are a hallmark of C and C++. Because of this heritage, C# has a high degree of fidelity with C and C++, and developers familiar with these languages can quickly become productive in C#.

C# provides intrinsic code trust mechanisms for a high level of security, garbage collection, and type safety.

C# supports single inheritance and creates Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) as input to native code compilers.

C# is fully integrated with the .NET Framework and the common language runtime, which together provide language interoperability, garbage collection, enhanced security, and improved versioning support.

C# simplifies and modernizes some of the more complex aspects of C and C++, notably namespaces, classes, enumerations, overloading, and structured exception handling.

C# also eliminates C and C++ features such as macros, multiple inheritance, and virtual base classes.

For current C++ developers, C# provides a powerful, high-productivity language alternative.

Visual C# provides prototypes of some common project types, including:

•Windows Application.

• Class Library.

• Windows Control Library.

• ASP.NET Web Application.

• ASP.NET Web Service.

• Web Control Library.

• Console Application.

• Windows Service.

12. Advantages of migrating to VB.NET ?

Visual Basic .NET has many new and improved language features — such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading that make it a powerful object-oriented programming language. As a Visual Basic developer, you can now create multithreaded, scalable applications using explicit multithreading. Other new language features in Visual Basic .NET include structured exception handling, custom attributes, and common language specification (CLS) compliance.
The CLS is a set of rules that standardizes such things as data types and how objects are exposed and interoperate. Visual Basic .NET adds several features that take advantage of the CLS. Any CLS-compliant language can use the classes, objects, and components you create in Visual Basic .NET. And you, as a Visual Basic user, can access classes, components, and objects from other CLS-compliant programming languages without worrying about language-specific differences such as data types. CLS features used by Visual Basic .NET programs include assemblies, namespaces, and attributes. These are the new features to be stated briefly:
Inheritance

Visual Basic .NET supports inheritance by allowing you to define classes that serve as the basis for derived classes. Derived classes inherit and can extend the properties and methods of the base class. They can also override inherited methods with new implementations. All classes created with Visual Basic .NET are inheritable by default. Because the forms you design are really classes, you can use inheritance to define new forms based on existing ones.
Exception Handling

Visual Basic .NET supports structured exception handling, using an enhanced version of the Try...Catch...Finally syntax supported by other languages such as C++.Structured exception handling combines a modern control structure (similar to Select Case or While) with exceptions, protected blocks of code, and filters. Structured exception handling makes it easy to create and maintain programs with robust, comprehensive error handlers.
Overloading

Overloading is the ability to define properties, methods, or procedures that have the same name but use different data types. Overloaded procedures allow you to provide as many implementations as necessary to handle different kinds of data, while giving the appearance of a single, versatile procedure. Overriding Properties and Methods The Overrides keyword allows derived objects to override characteristics inherited from parent objects. Overridden members have the same arguments as the members inherited from the base class, but different implementations. A member's new implementation can call the original implementation in the parent class by preceding the member name with MyBase.
Constructors and Destructors

Constructors are procedures that control initialization of new instances of a class. Conversely, destructors are methods that free system resources when a class leaves scope or is set to Nothing. Visual Basic .NET supports constructors and destructors using the Sub New and Sub Finalize procedures.
Data Types

Visual Basic .NET introduces three new data types. The Char data type is an unsigned 16-bit quantity used to store Unicode characters. It is equivalent to the .NET Framework System. Char data type. The Short data type, a signed 16-bit integer, was named Integer in earlier versions of Visual Basic. The Decimal data type is a 96-bit signed integer scaled by a variable power of 10. In earlier versions of Visual Basic, it was available only within a Variant.
Interfaces

Interfaces describe the properties and methods of classes, but unlike classes, do not provide implementations. The Interface statement allows you to declare interfaces, while the Implements statement lets you write code that puts the items described in the interface into practice.
Delegates

Delegates objects that can call the methods of objects on your behalf are sometimes described as type-safe, object-oriented function pointers. You can use delegates to let procedures specify an event handler method that runs when an event occurs. You can also use delegates with multithreaded applications. For details, see Delegates and the AddressOf Operator.
Shared Members

Shared members are properties, procedures, and fields that are shared by all instances of a class. Shared data members are useful when multiple objects need to use information that is common to all. Shared class methods can be used without first creating an object from a class.
References

References allow you to use objects defined in other assemblies. In Visual Basic .NET, references point to assemblies instead of type libraries. For details, see References and the Imports Statement. Namespaces Namespaces prevent naming conflicts by organizing classes, interfaces, and methods into hierarchies.
Assemblies

Assemblies replace and extend the capabilities of type libraries by, describing all the required files for a particular component or application. An assembly can contain one or more namespaces.
Attributes

Attributes enable you to provide additional information about program elements. For example, you can use an attribute to specify which methods in a class should be exposed when the class is used as a XML Web service. MultithreadingVisual Basic .NET allows you to write applications that can perform multiple tasks independently. A task that has the potential of holding up other tasks can execute on a separate thread, a process known as multithreading. By causing complicated tasks to run on threads that are separate from your user interface, multithreading makes your applications more responsive to user input.

13. Advantages of VB.NET ?
First of all, VB.NET provides managed code execution that runs under the Common Language Runtime (CLR), resulting in robust, stable and secure applications. All features of the .NET framework are readily available in VB.NET. VB.NET is totally object oriented. This is a major addition that VB6 and other earlier releases didn't have. The .NET framework comes with ADO.NET, which follows the disconnected paradigm, i.e. once the required records are fetched the connection no longer exists. It also retrieves the records that are expected to be accessed in the immediate future. This enhances Scalability of the application to a great extent. VB.NET uses XML to transfer data between the various layers in the DNA Architecture i.e. data are passed as simple text strings. Error handling has changed in VB.NET. A new Try-Catch-Finally block has been introduced to handle errors and exceptions as a unit, allowing appropriate action to be taken at the place the error occurred thus discouraging the use of ON ERROR GOTO statement. This again credits to the maintainability of the code. Another great feature added to VB.NET is free threading against the VB single-threaded apartment feature. In many situations developers need spawning of a new thread to run as a background process and increase the usability of the application. VB.NET allows developers to spawn threads wherever they feel like, hence giving freedom and better control on the application. Security has become more robust in VB.NET. In addition to the role-based security in VB6, VB.NET comes with a new security model, Code Access security. This security controls on what the code can access. For example you can set the security to a component such that the component cannot access the database. This type of security is important because it allows building components that can be trusted to various degrees. The CLR takes care of garbage collection i.e. the CLR releases resources as soon as an object is no more in use. This relieves the developer from thinking of ways to manage memory. CLR does this for them.

14. Using ActiveX Control in .Net ?
ActiveX control is a special type of COM component that supports a User Interface. Using ActiveX Control in your .Net Project is even easier than using COM component.

They are bundled usually in .ocx files. Again a proxy assembly is made by .Net utility AxImp.exe (which we will see shortly) which your application (or client) uses as if it is a .Net control or assembly.Making Proxy Assembly For ActiveX Control: First, a proxy assembly is made using AxImp.exe (acronym for ActiveX Import) by writing following command on Command Prompt:C:>AxImp C:MyProjectsMyControl.ocxThis command will make two dlls, e.g., in case of above commandMyControl.dllAxMyControl.dllThe first file MyControl.dll is a .Net assembly proxy, which allows you to reference the ActiveX as if it were non-graphical object.The second file AxMyControl.dll is the Windows Control, which allows u to use the graphical aspects of activex control and use it in the Windows Form Project.Adding Reference of ActiveX Proxy Assembly in your Project Settings: To add a reference of ActiveX Proxy Assembly in our Project, do this:o Select ProjectàAdd Reference (Select Add Reference from Project Menu).o This will show you a dialog box, select .Net tab from the top of window.o Click Browse button on the top right of window.o Select the dll file for your ActiveX Proxy Assembly (which is MyControl.dll) and click OK o Your selected component is now shown in the ‘Selected Component’ List Box. Click OK again Some More On Using COM or ActiveX in .Net.Net only provides wrapper class or proxy assembly (Runtime Callable Wrapper or RCW) for COM or activeX control. In the background, it is actually delegating the tasks to the original COM, so it does not convert your COM/activeX but just imports them.A good thing about .Net is that when it imports a component, it also imports the components that are publically referenced by that component. So, if your component, say MyDataAcsess.dll references ADODB.dll then .Net will automatically import that COM component too! The Visual Studio.NET does surprise you in a great deal when u see that it is applying its intellisense (showing methods, classes, interfaces, properties when placing dot) even on your imported COM components!!!! Isn’t it a magic or what?When accessing thru RCW, .Net client has no knowledge that it is using COM component, it is presented just as another C# assembly.U can also import COM component thru command prompt (for reference see Professional C# by Wrox) U can also use your .Net components in COM, i.e., export your .net components (for reference see Professional C# by Wrox) .

some important websites:

i. www.asp.net

ii. www.dotnetspider.com

iii. www.dotnetuncle.com

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AISHWARYA RAI,childhood pics.....

Resume Tips

Resume Tips:
A resume, also known as curriculum vitae (CV), is a document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education, usually for obtaining an interview when seeking employment. "Curriculum vita" is Latin meaning "course of life." Often the resume or CV is the first item that a potential employer encounters regarding the job seeker, and therefore a large amount of importance is often ascribed to it. In other words, a curriculum vita is a marketing tool of a person seeking a job.

Most people underestimate the importance of a CV (resume). Many of us put off writing our CV until last moment and do an inadequate job. Others feel that they know it all and treat the job of writing a resume far too casually. Actually, you would be well advised to ensure that both your resume and covering letter are so well prepared that they stand out among a thousand others, not only in content but also in presentation. Any compromises at this stage and you may not be short listed for the interview.


CV - Crucial in getting an Interview:

Your CV is your first communication with the perspective employer. It serves as personal advertisement for you and must therefore, be organized in such a manner to make it interesting, attractive, brief and informative. If you wish to be one of the few to be called for an interview, you must ensure your CV is distinct from the hundreds of other CVs of candidates who may be as experienced or as well qualified as you. There are some golden rules to be followed while preparing your CV -
● Remember you are advertising about yourself. So, highlight your strong points and try to shield your weaknesses. The prospective employer will call you for an interview if your strengths are highlighted.
● Shielding your weaknesses does not mean that you lie. No, do not indulge in misrepresentation of facts. It does not pay dividends.
● Essential information including phone number (if possible, mobile) must be included.
● Try to keep your CV as brief as possible. At the same time, it should include all vital information about you.
● It should contain relevant information about the job, experience etc.
● Make sure there are no grammatical errors in your CV. It leaves a bad impression.
Moreover, your perspective employers do not have the time or the inclination to meet all the people who may be interested in an opening, that makes it more important that among the other thousands of CVs, yours must stand out; not only in contents but also by the way it is formatted.

Essential Information must be mentioned:

There are certain items which must be included in every CV. Other items may or may not be mentioned depending on whether they are relevant or not. The items which must be included are given below :
Personal Information : Name, date of birth, marital status, language known, address, telephone number.
Educational Background : Institutions attended with years, marks obtained, qualifications, achievements, computer literacy.
Employment History : Name of organization's, years, designation's, responsibilities, achievements and training programmed attended. Include any part time or summer employment if you do not have any full time experience.

Stick to the Basic Rules:
Stick to these proven guidelines for writing a CV :
The term "Bio-data" is out. Curriculum Vitae (CV) has replaced it. Make sure that your CV is not longer than two pages. It should, at the same time, not be so short that your prospective employer does not know anything about you after going through it. It must be concise and should be informative.

Presentation:

Make sure your CV looks good. Presentation is of utmost importance. You must :
a. Avoid spelling mistakes.
b. Use good quality paper.
c. Do not send curriculum vitae with spelling errors corrected by whitening fluid or by hand.
d. Use proper margins and spend time formatting it properly.
e. Send the printed laser outputs instead of photocopying. It may cost you more but it says a lot about you.
Don't lie even if it is a small lie. Usually such lies are about achievements, grades and marks or summer projects. The personnel departments in most companies do take pains in verifying claims.


References:

You may include references at the end of your CV. These are names, addresses and phone numbers of two or three people who could vouch for your character, competence and commitment. Ideally, these should be people who have worked with you, or your college professors. Many job seekers starting out in their careers feel that important people's references will impress prospective employers. Nothing could be further from the truth. A big name will communicate that you are a name-dropper who gets by on his father's contacts rather than achievements. An experienced interviewer will be far more impressed with the references of people who know you professionally. In any case, your prospective employer will check with referees, so make sure you ask your referees' permission before putting their names in your CV.

Use one or at best not more than two typefaces while preparing your CV. If you are looking for visual relief and highlighting then you can use block capitals, italics, bold type, underlining, varying font sizes, or any combinations of these. Choose a font that is simple and easy to read. Do not go in for a fancy typeface. It will take away legibility of your CV.
Don't leave gaps in your CV. If you have lost some years between your +2 and graduation or after your graduation, explain the gap.

A final word : -
Be honest in preparing and presenting your CV. Any manipulative presentations are bound to reflect back badly at some point in your career. Do not give any false information about your skills or experiences anywhere in you CV.

INTERVIEW TIPS

Interview Tips
The Merriam Webster dictionary defines interview as ‘formal consultation usually to evaluate the qualifications of a prospective employee’. This means that the path to a job leads through an interview. There are two types of interviews

a. Where there is only one interviewer or the person evaluating the interviewee.
b. Where there is a team of interviewers usually consisting of two or more members. These days most of the organizations follow these type of interviews.
Put Your Best Foot Forward
Do not worry about the format. Concentrate on your preparation and creating a good first impression. If you can manage to ride on that first impression then fine, otherwise take care to make your body language reflecting a positive language. Do not forget to carry a smile with a purpose of business. Be confident; try to relax yourself by doing any thing that may soothe your nerves. Remember, if you are relaxed, then you will be able to perform better. Try to listen to your favorite music if possible, or wash your face or read some magazine. The idea is that you remain relaxed and appear to be relaxed. Follow some golden rules -

● Do not get nervous. This will not be your last interview. Your life does not depend on this particular interview.
● In an interview, honesty is the best policy. If you lie then it leaves a bad impression about you and the interviewer has the knowledge about what he/she is asking. So come what may, do not try to fool the interviewer/s.
● Do not look like a flowerpot. This is a formal interview and not a wedding or a fashion show. So, dress formally, use perfume or deodorant to the minimum.
● If you smoke, do not smoke prior to the interview. It leaves a bad impression.
● Do not be over cautious about your physical looks. Habits like running your hand through your hair is considered bad. Strictly avoid this.
● Ensure you do not smell bad.
● Make sure to wish every person collectively while you enter and while you leave.
● Remember you are not going on a war. Neither the interviewers are at war with you. On the Contrary, the interviewers try their best to make you feel comfortable. After all, they want to judge your capabilities, and that can be done only when you are calm.
● Remember, the interviewer is perpetually short of time. In this short duration of 5-10 minutes you have to tell him your positive qualities. Therefore, it is advisable that you prepare extensively for the interview. Secondly, make judicious use of time. For e.g. do not dwell too much on your personal qualities that you may not get enough time to tell about your professional qualities, experience, expectations etc.
Tips to prepare for the interview
● Remember it is only an interview call and not the joining letter. So, instead of getting elated make sure you prepare well for the interview.

● Prepare well in advance what you will and how you will provide information about yourself. Remember when you start speaking 1 minute appears too long. Instead do this, write down a rough note of what you want to convey and keep a watch with you to see how much time you take. Do not take more than 2-3 minutes. On the other hand do not be so short that you stop as soon as you begin. Remember the interviewer has only seen your CV, that too cursorily. Now he will like to know about you from you. Therefore, judicious use of speech is the solution.

● Prepare by making a thorough enquiry about the potential employers, the type of organization, and the performance of the organization in your field of expertise.

● List the 10 traits associated with the position you are seeking and prepare to demonstrate them during the session. Would creativity, presentation or facilitation skills be important? Ask people who are familiar with the kind of job you are seeking to create short tests that might allow you to illustrate your skills.

● Prepare an exhaustive list of questions that may be asked from you. Such a list may appear something of this sort * Why do you wish to leave your present job? * What do you know about this particular job and this company? How you came to know? * What are your goals; both short term and long term? * What are your strengths? * What are your weaknesses? * What salary are you expecting? * What information is important to you in making a decision about this job change? * What questions do you plan to ask the employer either about the job, company, or other things? Whom have you learned the most from? * If you could bring some change in the organization what would be that? * How soon can you join? * What additional skills do you have which may be put to test if the Company decides to resort to cutting strength of employees?Generally, the interview starts with a usual ‘Tell us something about yourself’. You should try to structure your answer in such a way that if possible, you are able to direct the interview in your direction. Therefore, it is very necessary to keep a calm head on your shoulders.
The following tips can improve your encounters with interviewing teams Alter your answers
If you are called back for subsequent rounds of interviews, then try to present the same information in another way Do not describe the same project you managed to all the interviewers. Instead, describe a different project in each of the successive interviews.



Read between the linesWith
several people asking questions consecutively, you may not have much time to prepare for a response, therefore, try to read the hidden meaning and try to be measured in your response. Try to be politically correct to be on the safer side and Do not carry your prejudices with you to the interview chamber.

SOME IMPORTANT DOTNET TIPS

When debugging it is sometimes interesting to know when a variable is accessed or modified. Watch point is special breakpoints which does exactly this. A watch point will suspend execution when a specified variable is accessed or modified.
To add/remove a watch point, right click on any variable in the outline view and choose the "Toggle Watchpoint" option. The watch point now appears in the Breakpoints view. The watch point can be configured to suspend only when the variable is accessed or only when it is modified. Right click on the watch point and choose "Properties…" to change these settings. Thread filtering and hit counter are also available.

Dot dot com
Dot.com companies. The term might seem to make sense at first glance (assuming you're not a fuddy-duddy who recoils at any attempt at shorthand or whimsy), but look again and you'll see one dot too many. Dot.com equals dot dot com.
So write dot-com companies when you have the occasion to use such a term. If the loss of the cute little dot itself troubles you, ".com" companies would also be a valid style choice.
To write dot.com, however, displays ignorance of the reason you're writing "dot" in the first place -- the fact that people have come to pronounce that punctuation mark. (Why the pronounced "dot" has become a convention in speech is an interesting question.)

A talking pointBefore the Internet became a topic of mass conversation, my instinct was to use a pause to indicate the break between the domain name and its suffix, as in "Amazon [short pause] Com." Some argue that pronounced punctuation is sometimes necessary for clarity, but how exactly would pronouncing the dot make something like Dotnet.net easier to comprehend? I'm conceding defeat on this front, but my convention would have resulted in a much clearer "Dotnet [not-so-short pause] Net."